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OPT / CPT (Practical Training for F-1 Students)
Optional Practical Training (OPT):
OPT allows F-1 students to gain temporary employment directly related to their field of study.
● Valid for up to 12 months either before or after program completion.
● Requires DHS authorization but no job offer is required at the time of application.
Curricular Practical Training (CPT):
CPT enables F-1 students to work while studying if the work is part of their academic curriculum.
● Must be pre-completion only (i.e., before graduation).
● Requires a job offer and approval from the school's DSO.
● Offered via cooperative agreements between employers and institutions.
● A U.S. employer must sponsor the applicant.
● The applicant must hold a U.S. Bachelor’s degree or equivalent.
● The job must align with the applicant’s education and experience.
● A Labor Condition Application (LCA) must be filed and certified by the U.S. Department of Labor before petitioning USCIS.
● 65,000 visas are issued annually under the regular cap.
● An additional 20,000 H-1Bs are allocated for applicants with a U.S. Master’s degree or higher.
● Petitions are selected through a lottery system due to high demand.
● Dependents of F-1 visa holders can apply for F-2 visas.
● F-2 visa holders cannot work, but minor children can attend school in the U.S.
● The duration of stay is tied to academic status, not the visa expiry date.
● After completing studies and authorized OPT/CPT, F-1 students receive a 60-day grace period to depart or change status.
F-1 students may pursue permanent residency via:
● Employment-based sponsorship by a U.S. employer
● Marriage to a U.S. citizen or permanent resident
● Diversity Visa Lottery
● EB visa categories
EB-1: For individuals with extraordinary ability, outstanding professors/researchers, or multinational executives.
EB-2: For professionals with advanced degrees or exceptional ability in science, business, or arts.
EB-3: For skilled workers (2+ years experience), professionals (with a Bachelor’s), or unskilled labor.
EB-4: For special immigrants including religious workers, U.S. government employees abroad, etc.
EB-5: For investors investing $500,000–$1,000,000 in a U.S. business that creates at least 10 jobs.
PERM is the electronic system used to apply for labor certification, the first step in most EB-2 and EB-3 green card processes.
● It verifies no qualified U.S. workers are available for the job role.
● Must be certified by the Department of Labor before filing the green card petition with USCIS.
Employers must first obtain a Labor Certification from the U.S. Department of Labor. Once approved, they file Form I-140 (Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker) with USCIS on behalf of the foreign employee.
Form I-9 verifies that every new hire (U.S. or foreign) is legally authorized to work in the U.S. It must be completed for all employees hired after November 6, 1986.
E-Verify is an online tool that matches Form I-9 data with SSA and DHS records to confirm a new hire’s eligibility to work in the U.S. It helps employers ensure compliance with federal employment rules.
U.S. employers can file Form I-129 with USCIS to sponsor foreign nationals for temporary work or training visas. After approval, the worker may apply for a visa or request a change of status while in the U.S.
Foreign nationals entering the U.S. to work in healthcare roles (excluding physicians) must present certification from a USCIS-authorized credentialing agency. This certification confirms they meet the required standards for training, licensing, and English language skills in their respective field.
The NCLEX-RN (National Council Licensure Examination), conducted by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), evaluates whether a nurse is qualified to work as an entry-level nurse. The exam covers topics such as safe care practices, health promotion, maintenance, and psychosocial care.
VisaScreen® is a comprehensive credential verification process for healthcare professionals applying for U.S. occupational visas. Successful applicants are awarded the official ICHP Certificate, which satisfies federal screening regulations required for visa issuance.
Health care professionals pursuing TN status, H-1B visas, or employment-based green cards must clear an approved English language proficiency exam to fulfill VisaScreen requirements.
Citizenship can be acquired through U.S. citizen parents in two primary ways — either at birth or before turning 18, depending on the circumstances. “Parents” may include a biological father, biological mother, or a non-genetic gestational mother if recognized as the legal parent under applicable jurisdictional laws at the time of birth.
Naturalization is the legal process where a foreign national becomes a U.S. citizen upon meeting the criteria outlined by Congress in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).
The civics portion of the naturalization test involves an oral exam where the USCIS officer asks up to 10 questions from a list of 100. To pass, the applicant must correctly answer at least 6 out of 10 questions.
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To apply for an H-1B visa, an Indian student must:
Every fiscal year, the U.S. allows:
This cap does not apply to certain employers, such as nonprofit research organizations and universities.